新时代中国国际法观的理论构成与多元实践
作者简介:魏磊杰，厦门大学法学院副教授（福建厦门 361005）
摘要: 较之以“和平共处五项原则”为核心单向度呈现的传统国际法观，新的历史时代，中国的国际法观呈现出“和平共处五项原则”与构建人类命运共同体理念相互支撑的二元复合样态。此种构造导源于中国对当下建基于规则之上的国际秩序所抱持的“包容式改进”的“中道”策略。在国际秩序的“包容”层面，中国坚定秉持和平共处五项原则，而在国际秩序的“改进”层面，中国更多地倡导人类命运共同体理念。通过对“后冷战”时代中国国际法多元实践的系统梳理，可以发现国际法实践与国际法观念之间并非整体“呼应”，甚至彼此间仍旧存在不小的内在张力。在侧重“和平共处五项原则”的国际法实践领域呈现出观念凸显度强弱不均，是因为建基于主权观念之上的传统型国际秩序对当下中国是一种能有效减轻其上行压力的对冲机制；在侧重人类命运共同体理念的国际法实践领域，当下国际秩序不利于后来者融入的客观构造、倡导的理念本身有待精致化及中国国际法综合能力仍相对孱弱等三重因素共同制约了新理念的有效转化。
Theoretical Composition and Pluralistic Practice of China’s View of International Law in the New Era
- Available Online:
2022-06-20
Abstract: In the new historical era, China’s view of international law presents a dichotomous structure in which the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the concept of building a community of shared future are mutually supportive and intrinsically connected. This pattern stems from China’s “middle way” strategy of “inclusive improvement” of the current rule-based international order. In the “inclusive” dimension, China firmly upholds the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, while in the “improved” one, China advocates more the idea of community of shared future. A systematic review of China’s pluralistic practice of international law in the post-Cold War era reveals that the practice and the concept of international law do not “echo” each other as a whole, and there is even still a considerable internal tension between them. In the field of international law practice focusing on the Five Principles, the reason for the uneven prominence of the concepts is that the traditional international order based on the concept of sovereignty is an effective hedging mechanism for China to alleviate its upward pressure; In the field of international law practice, which focuses on the concept of a community of shared future, the current international order is not conducive to the objective construction of a new concept by latecomers, the concept itself needs to be refined, and China’s comprehensive capacity in international law is still relatively weak, which together limit the effective transformation of the concept.
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