证据分析的叙事方法及其运用
作者简介:罗维鹏，西南财经大学法学院副教授（四川成都 611130）。
基金项目:
本文系国家社会科学基金青年项目“刑事审判中常情常理常识与印证证明的融合研究”（22CFX023）的阶段性成果
摘要: 为解决如何有序组织证据、综合审查证据以及合理推论事实等问题，可以在证据分析中融入叙事方法。无论在实践还是理论层面，叙事方法都是一种自然且有益的证据分析方法，其关注分析者对证据的理解和说明，特别是在推论案件事实时强调常情常理等理据的运用。这也正是我国证据分析理念转变所需要的。在操作中，一个案件完整的叙事应至少包含时间、主体、地点、动机、目的、行为、后果和评价要素，在组织证据、审查证据和推论事实时，这些要素可以通过要素法、时间法、因果法、融贯法、假设法等具体的方法表达出来。此外，徒有方法并不足矣，叙事方法若要从经验和直觉走向正式，我国刑事证据制度也需有所配合，如在证据范围、证据调查规则和证据推论等方面为叙事方法的运用提供更大的空间。
Narrative Methodology in Evidence Analysis and Its Application
Abstract: To solve the problems of how to organize evidence in an orderly manner,comprehensively examine evidence and reasonably infer facts,the method of narration can be incorporated into the analysis of evidence.This approach constitutes a natural and advantageous analytical paradigm.In operation,a complete case narrative should encompass eight essential elements:temporal context,subject identification,spatial parameters,motive determination,purposive intent,behavioral manifestations,consequential outcomes,and evaluative judgment.These elements may be operationalized through specific methodologies including element-based organization,chronological sequencing,causal linkage,coherence verification,and hypothetical reconstruction during evidentiary structuring,examination,and inferential processes.In addition,mere methodological formulation proves insufficient.The proposed model responds to evolving demands for sophisticated fact-determination mechanisms in contemporary criminal justice systems.
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