“看破不说破”：一种基础隐私规范
“The Pretense of Not Knowing”: A Basic Privacy Norm
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摘要: 现有研究对信息隐私规范的关注集中于有关信息收集和信息披露行为的规制要求。但隐私规范中包含另一类内容，即要求已获取甚至披露他人私密信息的知情人积极投入成本，在一定范围内掩饰其对特定信息的占有或使用状态。这种可被称为“看破不说破”的要求是一种基础隐私规范，信息隐私制度关涉的各类社会价值都需借助甚至依赖这种规范才能实现。但这种规范的实际行为约束力和适用范围也存在局限和边界。在包括消费者保护、数据监控在内的重要当代信息法治议题中，“看破不说破”均已在制度和实践中有所体现，并为思考信息隐私制度的演化、走向与重建路径提供了重要启示。Abstract: Studies on information privacy norms have focused primarily on those regulating the collection and disclosure of private information. A society’s privacy norms include another set of requirements that one with knowledge of another’s private information, having even disclosed such information in some circles, invest in creating a pretense that he or she had not known or made use of such information. Such norm, which may be referred to as one for the “pretense of not knowing,” is among the basic ones among a society’s social norms on privacy. Both formal and informal strictures of information privacy rely on such norm to promote the aspirational values typically associated with privacy. The efficacy and the applicability of such norm are subject to limits. In responding to contemporary information challenges in a range of legal contexts, including consumer protection, dataveillance, and more, the norm for “the pretense of not knowing” has already played a role in institutional practices, and it also sheds important light on how information privacy law may evolve and may become reconceptualized.
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Key words:
- information privacy /
- social norms /
- data protection /
- dataveillance
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