摘要:
在中国哲学"登场"背景下,"汉语哲学"与"功夫哲学"的比较意义凸显。汉语哲学有广义和狭义之分,狭义汉语哲学的"语言决定论"未能充分考量语言范畴以外的多元要素,以汉语为中心的"特殊主义"立场则陷入普遍性与特殊性的张力,并对已经受代码污染的现代汉语过于乐观。狭义汉语哲学与中国哲学的功夫传统之间形成了多重张力:从历史脉络审视,中国哲学的社会功用主要体现在自我修养而非公共论辩;中国哲学重视精神修炼的文化现象无法被还原到单一的语言解释;语言也无法从涵义的角度处理功夫哲学的"本体"。因而汉语哲学与功夫哲学形成"言"与"默"的哲学形态差异。功夫哲学作为一种文化哲学契合后语言哲学的呼声,与重拾精神性的后现代文化达成重新理解"哲学"的共识。汉语哲学的发展有必要真正面对中国哲学的功夫哲学传统。但与此同时,功夫哲学必然要依赖语言、概念和逻辑作为自己的存在形态,必须吸收语言分析的因素。功夫哲学以汉语为媒介揭示中国人精神修炼的生活世界,在建构自身的过程中也探索了汉语的哲学表达,可以看作一种广义的汉语哲学,并对其具有补充实践哲学维度、反思启蒙哲学、明确文化意义等贡献。未来新形态的中国哲学需要汉语哲学与功夫哲学的"言-默"融合。
Abstract:
Against the backdrop of Chinese philosophy "taking the stage", the comparative significance of "Chinese language philosophy" and "Gongfu philosophy" becomes prominent. Chinese language philosophy can be understood in both a broad and narrow sense. The narrow sense of Chinese language philosophy, with its "linguistic determinism", fails to fully account for the multiplicity of elements beyond language categories. Its "particularist" stance centered on the Chinese language falls into the tension between universality and particularity and overly optimizes modern Chinese, which has been contaminated by code-switching. The narrow sense of Chinese language philosophy forms multiple tensions with the Gongfu tradition in Chinese philosophy:The social function of Chinese philosophy has primarily emphasized self-cultivation rather than public debate. The cultural emphasis on spiritual cultivation in Chinese philosophy cannot be reduced to a singular linguistic explanation. Language struggles to address the "noumenon" of Gongfu philosophy from the perspective of meaning. Thus, Chinese language philosophy and Gongfu philosophy represent distinct philosophical forms of "discourse" and "silence". Gongfu philosophy, as a cultural philosophy, aligns with post-linguistic philosophical calls. It resonates with postmodern culture's revival of spirituality to redefine "philosophy". This necessitates that Chinese language philosophy confront the Gongfu tradition. However, Gongfu philosophy itself must rely on language, concepts, and logic for its expression while integrating linguistic analysis. By using Chinese as a medium to unveil the lifeworld of Chinese spiritual cultivation, Gongfu philosophy explores self- expression within the broad framework of Chinese language philosophy. It supplements the latter by enriching practical philosophy, reflecting on Enlightenment philosophy, and clarifying cultural significance. The future of Chinese philosophy requires a fusion of "discourse"(Chinese language philosophy) and "silence"(Gongfu philosophy).