士与现代公共知识分子—对余英时“士文化”研究的一个批评性考察
Shi and Modern Public Intelecturals
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摘要: 在《士与中国文化》中余英时的一个著名论点就是，士是中国古代社会中具有现代意义的公共知识分子阶层，因而构成了中国文化的独特性所在。这一观点的问题在于，士即便真的具有现代公共知识分子关怀社会公共价值的特征，但这和士是现代意义上的公共知识分子仍然是两个概念。现代公共知识分子作为独立于社会公权力之外的一个社会知识文化阶层的出现，是现代社会职能高度分化的产物。余英时试图通过赋予士以现代意义的公共知识分子的文化身份来论证中国文化的独特性，但无论是在对士的社会身份的把握上还是在中西文化的比较上都产生了一定的思想错误。Abstract: There is a famous thought in Yu Yingshi’s Shi and Chinese Culture（《士与中国文化》）, that Shi (“士”) is the class of modern public intellectuals in Chinese ancient society, and that it is the distinctive characteristic of Chinese culture. However, even if Shi is concerned about the public values of society like modern public intellectuals, it does not follow that Shi is the class of modern public intellectuals. The emergence of modern public intellectuals as a social class independent of social public power is the product of highly differentiated social functions in modern society. Yu Yingshi’s tried to argue for the distinctive characteristic of Chinese culture through giving to Shi the cultural role of modern public intellectuals. But in this case, he made some mistakes both on the identification of the social role of Shi and on the comparison of Chinese and Western cultures.
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