自然审美：主观的与客观的
The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature: Subjective and Objective
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摘要: 在中国当代美学的论域中，自然审美的主客观性是以自然美本质呈现的主客观性的论争为话语范式的，朱光潜、蔡仪、李泽厚分别代表了自然审美的主观论、客观论和主客观统一论的观念。在西方当代自然美学的论域中，以卡尔松为代表的科学认知主义认为自然审美具有客观性，以巴德为代表的审美自由主义强调自然审美的主观性，以赫汀格为代表的审美保护主义则认为自然审美是主客观的融合。中西方美学史上关于自然审美之主客观性的论争揭示出参与这一论争的诸美学思潮的美学立场、理论原则、理论动机，这些论争试图为自然审美乃至美的主客观性问题的研究提供一个学理的支撑，并在此基础上尝试为自然审美的主客观性问题做出深入的阐释。但由于固守理论的一隅而未能窥见自然美的真理性问题。自然审美的主客观性的讨论的核心问题是自然审美的真理性问题。一种主客统一的一元论自然审美理论是自然美学未来发展的必然选择。Abstract: In the debate field of Chinese contemporary aesthetics, the issue of subjectivity and objectivity of aesthetic appreciation of nature takes the debate between subjectivity and objectivity essentially represented by natural beauty as a paradigmatic discourse, in which Zhu Guangqian, Cai Yi and Li Zehou respectively take a subjective, objective position and a conciliation of both concerning to the aesthetic appreciation of nature. In the debate field of Western contemporary aesthetics, Allen Carlson is representative of scientific cognitivism, which claims that the aesthetic appreciation of nature owns objectivity; Malcolm Budd stands for an aesthetic liberalism, which emphasizes the subjectivity of the aesthetic appreciation of nature; Ned Hettinger holds an aesthetic protectionism, which views aesthetic appreciation of nature as a fusion of subjectivity and objectivity. In the course of Chinese and Western aesthetics, the debates between subjectivity and objectivity in the aesthetic appreciation of nature have revealed aesthetic positions, theoretical principles, theoretical motivations of involved aesthetic trends, and attempted to provide a academic foundation to the issue of subjectivity and objectivity of the aesthetic appreciation of nature, even that of beauty itself. Thus, based on it, they can offer further elaborations to this issue. Nonetheless, due to the insistence merely on a part of the theory, they failed to see the truthful issue of natural beauty, which however is an essential issue of this debate, as I argue. And I hold that a sort of unity of subjectivity and objectivity or a monism of the aesthetic appreciation of nature will be an inevitable alternative in the further development of natural beauty.
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