中国比较文学复兴四十年学科方法论整体观
A General Survey of the Methodology of Chinese Comparative Literature
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摘要: 中国比较文学学科自1978年复兴以来，已经取得了40年的长足进展。但也出现了一些值得注意的现象和偏失。本文首先结合西方比较文学学科史与国内比较文学研究新趋势，归纳与中国比较文学发展相生相伴的两种不良倾向，那就是影响研究难免影响解读的囿限，造成所谓“影响研究的神话化”，同时注意文学理论和文学作品美学品格共时研究的平行研究，也因选题随意、不注重可比性原则、失去文学性底线等原因而被“妖魔化”了，影响研究和平行研究有被对立起来的趋势。文章进而在梳理影响研究与平行研究两者间辩证关系的基础上，对比较文学的几种主要研究类型进行综合论述，重新界定了比较文学的“可比性”与“知识装备”两个重要概念；最后则尝试展望全球比较文学第三阶段样态与特点，表明中国比较文学历经40年跨越式发展，相对于比较文学教学和研究实践的蓬勃发展，我国学界在比较文学方法论建构上依然任重道远。Abstract: The discipline of Chinese comparative literature has made great achievements in the past 40 years. However, recently comparative literature in China has a tendency to put influence studies and parallel studies into opposition. This has also objectively led to the often-encountered " mythicization of influence studies” and " demonization of parallel studies” and other negative reactions that undermine the academic credibility of comparative literature. Firstly, combining the history of Western comparative literature with the new trend of domestic comparative literature research, this paper sums up two kinds of bad symptoms accompanied by the development of Chinese comparative literature. Secondly, on the basis of discerning the relationship between influence studies and parallel studies, this paper further discusses several main research types of comparative literature and redefines two important concepts of " comparability” and " knowledge equipment” in comparative literature. Finally, the author tries to look forward to the third stage of global comparative literature. It shows that after 40 years of leap-forward development, compared with the vigorous development of comparative literature teaching and research practice, Chinese scholars in the construction of comparative literature methodology still have a long way to go.
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