中国环境治理体系的历史递嬗、进阶动力与演进逻辑——基于历史制度主义的分析
作者简介:余敏江，同济大学政治与国际关系学院长聘教授（上海 200092）；赵乾，同济大学政治与国际关系学院博士研究生（上海 200092）。
基金项目:
本文为国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于‘制度—效能’转化的现代环境治理体系健全研究”（23ZDA108）的阶段性成果。
摘要: 环境治理体系是国家治理体系的重要组成部分，也是纵深推进人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化的关键要件。当前，环境治理体系进入持续深化改革的新阶段，将其置于历史制度主义视角下分析体系变迁的进阶动力与演进逻辑，有助于提高改革的前瞻性和精准性。研究发现，中国环境治理体系变迁大致经历了沿袭与开创时期、复苏与转型时期、发展与完善时期三个阶段。主体性因素、交互性因素和情境因素在历史发展脉络中叠加组合，是环境治理体系从“锁定”到“进阶”的动力。渐进发展的路径依赖保持某种平衡的状态，与关键节点的正向效应、否决点的负向效应耦合重组，进而构成了环境治理体系变迁的演进逻辑。在全面推进美丽中国建设的新形势下，中国环境治理体系将朝着强化正向路径依赖、加强多元主体互动、促进利益共容共享的方向持续演进。
Historical Evolution,Dynamics Mechanism and Evolutionary Logic of China’s Environmental Governance System——Based on the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism
Abstract: The environmental governance system is an important part of the national governance system,and it is also a key element of the Chinese path to modernization to promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature in depth.At present,the environmental governance system has entered a new stage of continuous deepening reform.Analyzing the advanced driving force and evolutionary logic of system changes from the perspective of historical institutionalism can help improve the foresight and accuracy of reform.Research has found that the evolution of China’s environmental governance system has roughly gone through three stages:the period of inheritance and creation,the period of recovery and transformation,and the period of development and improvement.The combination of subjective factors,interactive factors,and situational factors in the historical development context is the driving force for the environmental governance system to move from “lock-in” to “advancement”.The path of gradual development relies on maintaining a certain balance,coupled with the positive effects of key nodes and the negative effects of veto points,and thus constitutes the evolutionary logic of environmental governance system changes.Under the new situation of comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China,China’s environmental governance system will continue to evolve towards strengthening positive path dependence,enhancing interaction among multiple stakeholders,and promoting inclusive sharing of interests.
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