识宋学与辨新局：钱穆《中国近三百年学术史》论学旨趣解析
Define Song Study and Identify New Trend: The Academic Purport of Qian Mu’s History of Chinese Academic Research in the Recent Three Hundred Years
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摘要: 钱穆《中国近三百年学术史》“识宋学”以“识近代”的论学逻辑，对应的是“理学反动说”背后隐然预流的以“科学”返看“宋学”的主流认识。“识宋学”首在驳周敦颐“宋学”开山说，以此澄清“宋学”精神，去玄注实。其次破“道统”说，重流变，以集合内外的阳明“心学”为宋明理学的自身进化结果。在此脉络下，最终以上通于阳明《拔本塞源论》的黄宗羲晚年定论，体现“内圣外王，有体有用，举凡政治教育，道德才能，莫不一以贯之”的学术大境界，又能突破“理学”束缚，开出学术的新格局。寄托了钱穆的学术理想。
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关键词:
- 钱穆 /
- 《中国近三百年学术史》 /
- 宋学 /
- 玄学
Abstract: “Define Song Study to understand modern times” is the logic of Qian Mu’s History of Chinese Academic Research in the Recent Three Hundred Years, which fundamentally differences from Liang Qichao’s works. Meanwhile, Liang’s “Cheng-Zhu neo-Confucianism Counteraction” secretly conformed to the times by examining Song Study with Science. To define and clarify the essence of Song Study, the primary issue was to refute the argument that Zhou Dunyi is the originator of Song Study. In the next place, to break Orthodoxy, Qian Mu recognized Wang Yangming’s “Learning of Conscience” as the self-evolution result of Song Study. In this context, the final conclusion of Huang Zongxi, which corresponded to Wang Yangming’s Theory of Clearing up Source and Restoring Purity, embodied the lofty realm that “Be internal saints and external kings. Balance ontological structure of thought and practical application. And use this one principle to cover all politics, education, moral and talents.” Qian Mu used these to break the shackles of Song Study and created a new situation. -
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