论汉代西部边疆上的《禹贡》地名
摘要: 《禹贡》不仅是记录上古地理知识的历史文本，更是古人借以认知周围世界的一种思维方式。自汉武帝拓边西北、西南，汉朝开始据《禹贡》雍州、梁州境内三危、弱水、黑水等地名命名中国西北、西南诸山川，其间古文经学发挥了重要作用。受益于《禹贡》经学知识蕴含的合法性，三危等新立山川未被视作新开辟领土，而是被视作自三代以来就从属于华夏政权的上古山川。与此同时，汉人对“雍州”、“梁州”的地理认知也发生了相应变化。他们越来越相信凉州河西之地自上古以来就是《禹贡》“雍州”之域。同时面对经秦汉开拓后的益州，人们也认为那不过是“改梁曰益”而已。更有甚者，汉人为塑造益州本属华夏文化圈的意象而强分之以原来对应战国时期魏国分野的星宿。
An Analysis on the Toponyms on Han Dynasty’s Western Frontier
Abstract: Tribute of Yu ( yugong, 《禹贡》) is not only a historical text of geography knowledge of the Pre-Qin period, but also a thinking mode for the ancient people to recognize their geographical environment. Since the Emperor Wu of Han’ s conquest of Hexi Corridor and his expansion in the southwest of China, people of the Han Dynasty started to naming the new mountains and rivers with toponyms such as Sanwei(三危) , Ruoshui (弱水), and Heishui(黑水) which belong to Yongzhou(雍州) and Liangzhou(梁州) in Tribute of Yu, while the Old Text School played big role. Benefiting from the classical legitimacy of Tribute of Yu, these news mountains and rivers were treated as if they were attached to the ancient Chinese regime since the period of Yu the Great (dayu, 大禹). Meanwhile, the Han people’s knowledge of Yongzhou and Liangzhou had changed. Hexi Corridor, for example, was usually considered as a part of Yongzhou from time immemorial, and the enlarged Yizhou(益州), a result of the expansion of the Qin and Han Dynasties, was simply seen as Liangzhou in Tribute of Yu. Moreover, in order to create an impression that Yizhou was always in Chinese culture zone, Turtle Beak (zi, 觜)and Three Stars(can,参), two of the Twenty-Eight Mansions, which initially matched the region of the state of Wei(a member of the Warring States), were allocated to Yizhou
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