从政府主导走向多元联动：“一带一路”的实践逻辑与深化策略
From Government Domination to Multiple Actors Initiation: Practice Logic and Further Development of “the Belt and Road”
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摘要: “ 一带一路”建设四年有成，但还存在着地方政府融入性不强、社会资本参与度不够、企业“走出去”方向不明等突出问题，制约了“一带一路”的深入发展。解决问题的出路依赖于“一带一路”建设由政府主导走向多元联动。当前的“一带一路”倡议正在向落地深耕的新阶段迈进，亟待新主体、新动力、新模式、新路径的创新发展，而多元联动将为推动“一带一路”更加深入发展注入新的动力和活力。通过建构一个“政府- 城市- 园区- 企业”多方联动的逻辑框架，本文重新审视了“一带一路”参与各方的行动逻辑，主张收缩政府干预的行为边界，使企业回归市场主体的本原角色，而城市和园区作为重要支撑平台将构成“一带一路”建设的主要节点。以多元联动引领“一带一路”新发展，关键是发挥好沿线中心城市的枢纽节点功能和重点经贸园区的平台支撑作用，核心在于把“一带一路”资源布局配置重心从国家层面下移到城市/ 园区尺度。围绕深耕厚植“一带一路”的新目标，下一步应精选“一带一路”战略支点城市优先推进，而合适的做法是由沪港联合担当“战略双支点”和“发展双引擎”。在“一带一路”建设进入阶段转换的关键时刻，提出从政府主导向多元联动转型发展具有重大现实意义和理论创新价值。Abstract: China has made notable progress in the development of “the Belt and Road”, but there are also prominent problems such as the local governments and private capital lack of motivation, and Chinese enterprises going abroad with no clear direction. The outlet for solving these problems is changing the government-domination approach to multiple actors initiation. At present, “the Belt and Road” is embarking into a new stage, need new subject, new impetus, new model, new path and development, and the multiple actors initiation will inject fresh impetus to its further development. Therefore, this paper proposes an interactive development strategy framework of “state-city-park-enterprise”. By deconstructing the role and orientation of them in the development of “the Belt and Road”, we explore the framework and logic of deepening and advancing the development of “the Belt and Road”. The present study maintains to shrink the borders of government intervention, lead the enterprise to return to their subject positions of market. Meanwhile, we highlight the important strategic value of cities and parks. This paper further reveals the logic for development of “the Belt and Road”. The city rather than state is the strategy core of resource allocation and spatial distribution, and it’s essential to full play the important role of key cities and major economic zones along “the Belt and Road” region, and the next priority strategy is relying on select strategic fulcrum city to support and service the development of “the Belt and Road”. Finally, this paper discusses the theoretical and practical significance of the transformation from government-domination to multiple actors initiation
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