论“逻辑分析”
On the Very Idea of Logical Analysis
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摘要: 根据经由罗素流传开来的一种观念，所谓“逻辑分析”就是把蕴藏哲学及科学问题的自然语言句子翻译为包含变项和常项的现代逻辑句式，并由此揭示我们日常话语的深层思想结构或曰“逻辑形式”。在此观念中，现代逻辑被赋予了对哲学及科学进行“逻辑分析”的独特功能。然而，正是在期待和维护现代逻辑的此种角色担当时，不仅是逻辑初学者而且职业哲学家都遇到了一系列难以解决的困惑，尤其是“逻辑分析多元化”难题。这些困惑或难题，与其说可能引起了人们对现代逻辑之应用价值的怀疑，不如说已经促进逻辑哲学家对于现代逻辑之功能定位的反思。在当代逻辑哲学的语境下，回到现代逻辑的本性之争来看，如果哲学家们不是把现代逻辑视作一种用于显示日常语言隐秘结构的“普遍语言”，而是将其当作各种帮助人们实现对于日常语言局部理解的演算或模型，那么，当前围绕“逻辑分析”所产生的种种困惑和难题将只是误解或伪问题，名义上的“逻辑分析”不过就是“逻辑翻译”罢了。Abstract: According to the most popular conception originated from Russell, logical analysis consists in rephrasing our ordinary or scientific sentences in modern logical formulas and thus revealing the conceptual structure or " logical form” of them. However, in maintaining the logical-analysis role of modern logic, not only new comers but also professional philosophers have encountered a series of puzzles, especially the problem of " pluralism of logical analysis”. Seeing from contemporary philosophy of logic, these puzzles or problems are insolvable if only modern logic is taken for granted as some kind of universal languge (lingua universalis). As latest logicians and philosophers have done, if we regard modern logic as a variety of models that intend to get partial understanding of natural language, so-called logical analysis is only an inappropriate name of logical translation.
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Key words:
- logical analysis /
- modern logic /
- universal languge /
- logic as modeling /
- logical translation
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