联想、比较与思考：费孝通“天人合一论”与人类学“本体论转向”
Association, Comparison and Reconsideration: Fei Xiaotong’s Thesis of “Heaven-Man Unity” and the Anthropological “Ontological Turn”
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摘要: 近年来，国内外社会人类学界对于天人或自然文化对立的宇宙观展开了批判，其中，尤以“天人合一论”和“本体论转向”为代表。此前，社会科学的问题大多与造成“同而不和”的功利个体主义有关，这些新的建设性批判，均主张重建文化-自然意义上的“和而不同”世界。在这个世界中，“我”是“总体的人”，是“容有他者的己”，从“我”的范畴谱系考据中，可以重新发现天人双关的“广义人文关系”内涵。当下盛行的视角主义观点虽有其建树，但却因袭了其批判的西方宇宙观的不少范畴，实为某种静态主义本体观的再现。中国以动为本的“生生论”传统，可为“人与自然关系的再认识”填补巨大空间，也可为自他物我融通的新人类学做出独到贡献。Abstract: In this essay, the author engages late Fei Xiaotong’s narrative of " Heaven-Man Unity” in his reconsideration of the recent " ontological” critiques of the natualist non-relational distinction between nature and culture. The author agrees with the reviewed that a " better” anthropology should be envisioned with the relational conception of " person”, the inter-subjective and inter-objective notion of " self ”. However, in consideration of the fact that the " ontological turn”, consisting of varied ethnographic transformations of " animism”, has in fact been a certain return to modern Christian pantheism, the author turns to the subject-object " dynamic convivialism”—discoverable not only in the Book of Change but also in " primitive animatism”—for a new enlightenment. By means of the re-enlivened " old wisdoms of the world”, the author conceptualizes his notion of " human relations in the broad sense of the term”.
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Key words:
- Heaven-Man Unity /
- ontological turn /
- animism /
- nature/culture /
- social anthropolog
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