Abstract: With changes in both domestic and international environments, China has shifted from incremental reform to comprehensive deepening of reform.This transition carries profound theoretical and practical significance.Incremental reform emphasizes gradual progress and exhibits a step-by-step approach.To advance reform while ensuring it remains within controllable bounds, the government typically adopts cautious methods in selecting fields for experimentation and trial-and-error approaches.Comprehensive deepening of reform represents a new orientation in national governance and development strategy, demonstrating how such reforms have advanced socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era both in theory and practice.This study reveals the decisive influence of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on reform directions, pace, and policy choices at different historical stages.It summarizes the practical outcomes of the shift from incremental to comprehensive reform, offering new perspectives on understanding the nationwide systematic reform agenda established at the 20th CPC Central Committee's Third Plenary Session.It also provides theoretical support and practical guidance for policymaking in advancing Chinese modernization.