审美的反思愉悦:关于审美愉悦的特征与构成
作者简介:刘旭光,上海大学文学院教授(上海 200444)。
基金项目:
本文为国家社会科学基金项目“中国古代的审美理论话语体系研究”(24VRC006)的阶段性成果
摘要: 审美愉悦来源于反思判断所带来的反思愉悦,但审美愉悦只是反思判断所带来的愉悦中的一个部分。只有当反思判断的对象是感性对象所引起的我们的身心反应时,并且以精神愉悦为反思判断的目的时,这种反思判断才是审美的。“审美的反思判断”的根本特征是它是身心感受与反思判断相互生成的交感反思判断,由这种交感反思判断所产生的愉悦,构成了审美的反思愉悦,它是“审美愉悦”的本质形态。在审美的形式直观、情感体验与理性认知诸环节中,都包含着交感反思愉悦。在交感反思中,感受、想象、体验与判断被结合在一起,对对象的感知与对对象的理解以及自身内心中的愉悦结合在一起,审美因此既是惠爱,又是确证,还是主体自由的见证,审美是对交感反思愉悦的追寻。
Aesthetic Reflective Pleasure: On the Characteristic and Component of Aesthetic Pleasure
Abstract: Aesthetic pleasure stems from the reflective pleasure of reflective judgment, yet it only constitutes a part of the pleasure deriving from such judgment. A reflective judgment could be qualified as aesthetic only if its object is the physical-mental response triggered by the sensory object and its purpose is spiritual pleasure. The essential characteristic of "aesthetic reflective judgment" lies in its nature as a sympathetic reflective judgment, in which physical-mental feels and reflective judgment mutually generate each other. The pleasure of such judgment constitutes aesthetic reflective pleasure, which serves as the essential form of "aesthetic pleasure" . Such pleasure is involved in various links of aesthetic, as the intuitive apprehension of form, emotional experience and rational cognition. Within sympathetic reflection, feels, imagination, experience and judgment are synthesized together, as the perception of the object is combined with its comprehension and the internal pleasure of the subject. Consequently, aesthetic is a process of favour, affirmation and the witness to subject freedom. Aesthetic, therefore, is the pursuit of sympathetic reflective pleasure.