人工智能何以理解语言意义
作者简介:尤洋,山西大学哲学学院暨科学技术哲学研究中心教授 (山西太原 030006)。
基金项目:
本文为教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“神经科学视域下的脑机智能哲学问题研究”(22JJD720017)、国家社会科学基金项目“中国化马克思主义社会认识论与当代认知科学的融合研究”(24VRC004)的阶段性成果
摘要: 人工智能的语言处理技术近年来取得显著突破,但在理解语言意义这一核心问题上仍面临哲学与技术的双重困境。人类理解语言意义根植于身体经验、主动探索与社会互动的动态交互,其生成机制体现为具身性、主动性和社会性的统一。而人工智能仅能通过数据模式匹配实现功能性理解,符号与经验世界的关联始终处于“悬浮”状态。突破符号接地问题困境的关键在于,以具身与关联的方式复刻人类心灵奠基的实践路径。具身就包括了从配置传感器到多模态感知、实现赛博空间与物理世界的对齐以及打造具身大规模数据集等方式。关联则强调了将智能体的具身经验与环境、他者、文化及任务动态联结,形成去中心化的交互能力,实现在具身经验的网络中理解意义的本质,而这也是人工智能融入人类社会、真正实现语言意义理解的必经之路。未来超级智能体的发展将构建以身体经验为根基、以社会关联为纽带的意义生成范式,这不仅关乎技术突破,更将重塑人机共生的认知边界。
How Does AI Understand Language Meaning
Abstract: Recent years have witnessed significant breakthroughs in artificial intelligence language processing technologies. However,the core issue of “understanding language meaning” remains plagued by philosophical and technical dilemmas. This paper argues that human comprehension of language meaning is rooted in the dynamic interplay of bodily experiences,active exploration,and social interaction,characterized by the unity of embodiment,agency,and sociability. In contrast,AI achieves only functional understanding through statistical pattern matching,leaving symbols perpetually “suspended” from real-world experience. The crux of the symbol grounding problem lies in AI's inability to establish experiential associations between symbols and the physical world. To address this,the paper proposes a dual-track solution centered on embodiment and association:Embodiment involves constructing multimodal perception systems,aligning cyber-physical spaces,and developing embodied large-scale datasets to ground symbols in sensorimotor experiences. Association emphasizes dynamically linking agents'embodied experiences with environments,others,cultures,and tasks to form decentralized interactive capabilities. Only by embedding symbolic systems in embodied practices and social relational networks can AI transcend computational simulations and achieve genuine semantic understanding. The future development of superintelligent agents will hinge on paradigm shifts toward meaning-generation frameworks rooted in bodily experience and social association,reshaping the cognitive boundaries of human-AI symbiosis.