Abstract: Originating in Western Europe,humanism has a complex history,rich connotations,and multiple orientations.By tracing the origins of humanism and sorting out its diachronic connotations and extensions,the concept of humanism in the history of Western thought is understood in an inclusive manner.Using humanism as an ideological lineage and discourse framework to academically examine,reflect on,and critique the theoretical principles of Jaroslav Preks and C.T.Hsias overseas modern Chinese literature studies,we can not only gain a contextualized understanding of the academic differences between the two scholars,but also help further explore the pluralistic meanings of humanism.From the perspective of humanism with its diversity,both Preks and Hsias cognition of modern Chinese literature belongs to the humanist tradition.With their individual academic resources,views on literary history,academic approaches,cultural concerns,and ideologies,Hsia and Prek studied and presented Chinese literature employing the ideas of liberal humanism and radical humanism respectively in their scholarship.Thus,an examination of Prek and Hsia as two exemplary cases to analyze how different paradigms of overseas study present cosmopolitanism in modern Chinese literature and the humanistic ideas behind these paradigms may provide experience and inspiration for the current academic community to explore the paths and methods of presenting Chinese literary cosmopolitanism.