“人的文学”与“人民文学”—五四以来“人学”文论观念的双重维度及其辩证发展
Literature of Human and the People’s Literature
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摘要: 现代“人学”文论观念是五四以来中国文论的自觉建构，其内部存在着“人的文学”与“人民文学”两个基本维度。“人的文学”重视表现个人生活情感，追求个体自由解放和个性发展；“人民文学”则重视反映人民生活，服务人民大众的自由解放和全面发展，二者构成辩证统一关系。考察百年来我国“人学”文论观念的历史嬗变，涉及几个主要理论命题：“人的文学”是追求个性解放的启蒙话语，旨在唤起人的觉醒，走向追求个性和情感解放；“人民文学”体现了为人民大众的文学方向，旨在让文学在人民革命事业中充分发挥作用；“文学是人学”旨在张扬主体精神及其文学自觉，把人的主体意识觉醒和强化推进到一个新阶段。从历史实践来看，“人学”观念始终存在着双重维度之间的张力互动关系，因时代条件变化其双重维度不断进行调整，从而达到某种新的平衡状态。新时代“人学”文论观念的总体发展趋向，必然要求走向两个维度之间的双重变奏和辩证发展。Abstract: The concept of modern literary theory of human studies has been the self-conscious construction of Chinese literary theory since the May 4th movement. There are two basic dimensions in the concept of human literature and people’s Literature. The former pays attention to the expression of personal life emotion, pursues individual freedom liberation and individual development; the latter attaches importance to reflecting people’s life and serving the people’s free liberation and all-round development, and the two constitute a dialectical and unified relationship. Through the investigation of the historical evolution of the concept of literary theory of human studies in recent 100 years, it mainly involves the following theoretical propositions. Human literature is the enlightenment discourse of pursuing personality liberation, arousing people’s awakening to pursue personality and emotional liberation. People’s literature embodies the direction of the people’s literature, so that literature can play a full role in the people’s revolutionary cause; Literature is the study of human beings, which aims at publicizing the subject spirit and its literary consciousness, and promoting the awakening and strengthening of human subject consciousness to a new stage. From the perspective of historical practice, there has always been a tension between the two dimensions. Due to the changes of the times, the dual dimensions are constantly adjusted to achieve a new balance. In the new era, the overall development trend of the concept of literary theory of human studies inevitably requires the dual variation and dialectical development between the two dimensions.
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