“尊德性”与“道问学”：朱陆之辩及其历史回响
“Promoting Virtue” and “Following Knowledge”: The Historical Influence and Significance of the Debate between Zhu Xi and Lu Xiangshan
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摘要: “尊德性”与“道问学”是《中庸》所提出的一种关于“尊德”与“问学”关系的概念，以指谓君子人生修养中的不同层次与不同方面，人们似乎也从未怀疑过其相互关系。但自从理学崛起，由于讲学与求知需要的凸显，“尊德性”与“道问学”便成为一个重大问题，而所谓“朱陆之争”便由此而展开。在朱子包括象山弟子对这一争论的叙述中，已经形成了所谓“泛观博览”与“发明本心”式的概括。到明代，又通过罗钦顺与王阳明之不同走向，转换为两种不同的为学进路之争。而从戴震到章学诚，则又通过“博”与“约”、“专”与“精”来深化这一问题在为学中的表现。如果我们能够还原于《中庸》之本义，并从儒家超越而又内在的视角来分析这一问题，那么这一近千年的争论也许就可以理出一个较为清晰的头绪，也可以看出现代知识论追求与认识论走向所亟待解决的问题。Abstract: The concepts of “promoting virtue” and “following knowledge” proposed in The Doctrine of the Mean(《中庸》),which are the different levels and aspects of a life cultivation of gentleman,and their correlations have never been doubted.However,“promoting virtue” and “following knowledge” have become a major issue with the need for giving lectures and seeking knowledge prominently since the rise of Neo Confucianism,and the debate between of Zhu Xi and Lu Xiangshan unfolded from this.The generalize of “reading extensively” and “pursuing the original mind” were formed in the narrative of this debate between their disciples.Therefore,two different academic approaches were developed through the different directions of Luo Qinshun and Wang Yangming in the Ming Dynasty.From Dai Zhen to Zhang Xuecheng,the expression of this issue in the field of learning was further deepened through “erudition” and “agreement”,“specialization” and “refinement”.If we can revert to the original meaning of The Doctrine of the Mean and analyze this problem from the perspective of transcendence and inherent of Confucianism,this debate that has existed for nearly a thousand years may be sorted out,and we will know the problems that the pursuit of modern epistemology and the trend of epistemology need to be solved urgently.
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