历史生成中的主体——对20世纪解构主体思潮的回应与批评
Subject in Historical Becoming—— Response and Criticism to the 20th Century’s Ideological Trend of Deconstructing Subject
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摘要: 20世纪以来，以精神分析学、结构人类学以及话语理论所代表的解构主体的思潮，所瓦解的仅仅是一切基于先验主体的哲学理论。先验主体诚然是可疑的，主体是历史生成的，并且因此是脆弱的，但这并不能证明主体本身是一种非实在和幻觉，相反，却表明主体并非一个已成之物，而是一个有待完成和尚未确定之物。法国结构主义和后结构主义解构主体的理论逻辑，实质上是一种历史相对主义。但历史并不是什么都可以，历史存在也并非虚无。主体作为历史存在，不仅具有存在论的意义，而且具有政治的、道德的意义，它引导人类向着更高的存在方式上升。Abstract: What the ideological trend of deconstructing subject represented by psychoanalysis,structural anthropology and discourse theory since the 20th century has disintegrated are only all philosophies based on the transcendental subject.The transcendental subject is indeed suspicious.Subject is historically becoming,and therefore fragile,but this does not prove that subject itself is non-being and illusion.On the contrary,it shows that subject is not an established thing,but a thing to be completed and yet to be determined.The logic of deconstructing subject of French structuralism and post-structuralism is essentially a kind of historical relativism.But history is not whatever will do,and historical being is not nothing.As a historical being,subject not only has the ontological meaning,but also has the political and moral significance.It leads human beings to rise to a higher way of being.
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