摘要:
作为理学的综合性文本,《近思录》较为集中地体现了理学和儒学的精神取向,其思想既包含多重方面,又在价值领域有所侧重。对"止"的关注,是其中的重要之点。所谓"止",首先指不同的社会成员,如君臣父子,都应承担各自责任。从思想史看,中国哲学中不同学派和人物,对"止"都有不同阐释,内容关乎认识论、本体论、逻辑学、价值观等,《近思录》关于"止"的思想,主要承继和发挥了传统儒学的价值观念。与"止"的以上内涵相关,《近思录》也从价值的层面,对"命"作了多方面考察。中国哲学中的"命"本身包含丰富内涵,《近思录》主要从命与天、命与人、命与事、命与气、命与理等方面作了分梳,并突出了"命"作为当然与必然统一的规范意义。广而言之,《近思录》的价值趋向也涉及儒学的不同方面,包括仁道、个体存在的方式、社会的凝聚等。其思想既上承了传统的概念,又作了进一步的发挥和阐释。
关键词:
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《近思录》 /
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价值观 /
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止于事 /
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"命" /
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仁道
Abstract:
As a comprehensive text of Neo-Confucianism, Reflections on Things at Hand(《近思录》), reflects the spiritual orientation of Neo-Confucianism and Confucianism in a concentrated manner. Its ideas include multiple aspects and have a focus on the field of values. The focus on "cessation"("止") is an important point among them. The so-called "cessation" first refers to different members of society, such as monarchs, ministers, fathers and sons, who should all bear their own responsibilities. From the perspective of intellectual history, different schools and figures in Chinese philosophy have different interpretations of "cessation", which involves epistemology, ontology, logic, values, and so on. The ideas on "cessation" in Reflections on Things at Hand mainly inherit and develop the values of traditional Confucianism. Related to the above connotations of "cessation", Reflections on Things at Hand also examines "fate" from multiple perspectives of value. The concept of "fate" in Chinese philosophy itself contains rich connotations. The Reflections on Things at Hand mainly categorizes fate from the aspects of fate and heaven, fate and human beings, fate and events, fate and qi, fate and reason, and highlights the normative significance of "fate" as a unity of course and necessity. Generally speaking, the value orientation of Reflections on Things at Hand also involves different aspects of Confucianism, including benevolence and Taoism, individual existence, social cohesion, and so on. Its ideas not only inherit traditional concepts, but also further develop and interpret them.