Abstract: Chinese science fiction novels in the 20th century present some defects such as the narrowing of the scientific view, the lack of scientific aesthetics and the limited space of humanistic philosophy, which stems from the use of science fiction as a tool for the enlightenment of the nation-state and the social reality of the pre-industrial era. In the 1980s and 1990s, the " human science” trend centered on science and technology, the new century publishing platform and the possession of writers’ conditions have contributed to the emergence of the new quality of Chinese science fiction in the new century. The performance is as follows: First, it has opened up the unfinished industrial modernity enlightenment road of mainstream literature, deepened the thinking of modernity, constructed a new aesthetic dimension of technical poetics and a new historical dimension with science and technology as the axis, forming a unique " Chinese identity”. Second, the new value system of post-modern social enlightenment and secular hedonism. Due to the long-term estrangement between mainstream literature and science fiction, it is difficult to form an enlightenment thinking on science fiction, which is complementary to the mainstream literary enlightenment. There is a long way to go to establish the literary value and status of science fiction.