“讼师恶报”话语模式的力量及其复合功能
The Powers and Compound Functions of the Discourse Mode about Pettifoggers’ Retribution for Evildoing
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摘要: 从宋代开始，“讼师恶报”的话语模式便已成型，并在明清时期被不断复制、扩展和推陈出新。“讼师恶报”的话语模式兼具官方和民间的双重色彩，官方以此来劝诫读书人不要操持讼师营生，希望能有助于从源头上减少现有讼师队伍的后备补充力量，而社会大众则以此来宣泄对无良讼师唆讼、借讼谋利的反感，并表达对正义的渴望。官方对讼师的打压，造成了讼师作为一个非法的群体无法从其自身内部公开地发展出自我约束的“强”职业伦理，结果造成从外部嵌入的“讼师恶报”话语模式在某种程度上充当了对讼师个体及其行业整体之行事下限加以“弱”约束的功能替代品。质言之，若要真正理解“讼师恶报”话语模式的功能，则必须注意到其分别对于官方、社会大众和讼师自身的上述不同意涵。此外，对“讼师恶报”话语模式的深入分析，可以为关于中国法律史研究方法论的讨论提供某些有益的学术启发。
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关键词:
- 讼师恶报 /
- 报应论 /
- 话语模式 /
- 职业伦理 /
- 中国法律史研究方法论
Abstract: The discourse mode that pettifoggers would receive retribution for their evildoing done before had taken initial shape since the Song Dynasty, and was constantly duplicated, expanded and innovated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This discourse mode had the double features of the official and the folk. The official exhorted the scholars not to run the pettifogger’s business by making use of this discourse mode, hoping to help reduce the backup strength of the existing pettifogger’s team from the source, while the populace vented their distaste for the pettifoggers who instigated people to sue and sought benefits from the litigation, and expressed their desire for justice in this way. The official’s crackdown on the pettifoggers caused the pettifoggers, as an illegal group, lack of opportunities and resources to openly develop their own inner self-disciplined " strong” professional ethics, and thus such an external embedded discourse mode served as a functional substitute which imposed a " weak” restriction on the individual pettifogger and the line of business of them as a whole to some extent. To sum up, in order to deeply understand the function of the discourse mode of pettifoggers’ retribution for their evildoing, we must pay attention to the above-mentioned different implications for the official, the public and the pettifoggers themselves. In addition, an in-depth analysis of this discourse mode can provide some useful academic inspiration for the discussion of the methodology of Chinese legal history research. -
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