Abstract: The imagination and writing about the highway—centered transportation in literature in KMT controlled regions during the Anti-Japanese War, played an indispensable role in creating " national sense of community”. " Highway” functioned as a linkage not only to integrate the " modern China” as a spatial entity, but also to create the historic homogeneity of " modern China” by filling the temporal gap between antiquity and modernity. The " discovery of the people” was also accomplished as the ordinary people were transformed from anonymous peasants into the sublime modern " citizens” by way of participating in building and maintaining the highways, which constituted the anthropological significance of China’s Anti-Japanese War.