中小企业数字化转型的鸿沟：内在机制与弥合路径
作者简介:谢青,上海社会科学院经济研究所、数量经济研究中心副研究员(上海 200020);方顺超,厦门大学邹至庄经济研究院助理研究员(福建厦门 361005);朱平芳,上海社会科学院数量经济研究中心研究员(上海 200020)。
基金项目:
本文为国家自然科学基金青年项目“引入专家咨询信息的多指标综合评价模型：理论、方法与应用”（72303155）、国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字经济促进现代化产业体系建设的测度研究”（23BTJ015）和上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“晨光计划”项目“基于复杂数据的我国产业高质量发展测度方法与应用研究”（22CGA84）的阶段性成果。
摘要: 企业数字化转型是数字经济发展的关键环节，是实现经济高质量发展的重要路径。相较于大型企业，中小企业因基础设施薄弱、技术水平有限、融资困难及人才短缺等因素，面临突出的“数字化鸿沟”问题。当前学术界的研究主要聚焦于降低成本、提升资产使用效率和增强创新能力等方面，更关注“数字化红利”，而对中小企业数字化转型的内在影响机制探讨相对不足。本文以中小企业为研究对象，选取2012—2022年中国专精特新中小企业上市公司面板数据，探讨企业数字化转型对经营绩效的作用机制。研究发现：（1）企业数字化转型对中小企业经营绩效存在显著的鸿沟效应；（2）中小企业在数字化转型初期面临高投入压力，在经营成本增加的同时创新投入提升，导致短期内经营绩效承压，但长期将促进创新产出间接提升经营绩效，弥合“数字化鸿沟”；（3）不同类型企业中，专精特新“小巨人”企业的数字化鸿沟效应最小，专精特新中小企业次之，创新型中小企业的鸿沟效应最为显著；（4）中小企业的数字化转型还处于起步阶段，在转型过程中更侧重数字化战略与数字技术应用。服务批发类企业数字化转型对经营绩效的鸿沟效应大于研发制造类企业。研究结论为中国推动中小企业数字化转型，弥合“数字化鸿沟”，促进经济高质量发展提供实证依据。
The Digital Divide in SMEs'Digital Transformation: Internal Mechanisms and Bridging Pathways
Abstract: Digital transformation of enterprises is a key aspect of the development of the digital economy and an important pathway to achieving high-quality economic growth.Compared to large enterprises,small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face more pronounced “digital divide” issues in their digital transformation process due to weak infrastructure,insufficient technical capabilities,financing difficulties,and a lack of talent.Current academic research primarily focuses on reducing costs,improving asset utilization efficiency,and enhancing innovation capabilities,with more emphasis on the “digital dividend”,while relatively less attention has been paid to the internal impact mechanisms of SMEs'digital transformation.This paper focuses on SMEs,selecting panel data from listed Chinese “specialized,refined,distinctive and innovative”(SRDI) SMEs from 2012 to 2022,and explores the impact mechanisms of digital transformation on business performance.The findings indicate that:(1) There is a significant divide effect of enterprise digital transformation on the business performance of SMEs;(2) Initial transformation phases require heavy investment,increasing operational costs while boosting innovation expenditure,thereby pressuring short-term performance but ultimately enhancing innovation output and indirectly improving long-term performance to bridge the divide;(3) The digital divide effect is smallest for “SRDI Little Giant” enterprises,followed by general “SRDI” SMEs,while the divide effect is largest for innovative SMEs;(4) The digital transformation of SMEs is still in its early stages,with a greater emphasis on visible investments in digital strategies and technology applications during the process.Notably,service and wholesale SMEs exhibit a more pronounced digital divide effect on operational performance compared to R＆D and manufacturing SMEs.The research conclusions provide empirical evidence for China to promote the digital transformation of SMEs,bridge the “digital divide”,and enhance high-quality economic development.
点击查看大图
下载:
沪公网安备 31010102003103号