虚拟经济的运行方式、本质及其理论的政策含义—马克思逻辑的历史延伸
The Operation Mode, Essence and Policy Implication of Fictitious Economy
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摘要: 本文在梳理实体经济与非实体经济争议的基础上，概括了马克思主义经济学与西方经济学对于实体经济与非实体经济的基本共识，并归纳了马克思虚拟资本概念下虚拟经济内涵的争议与共识。虚拟经济具有三大市场特征：强调心理预期的资本化定价、追逐货币利润的最大化、独特“单一非对称性”的运行方式。由此构建的虚拟经济的三大理论模型包括：虚拟经济自我膨胀和收缩机制模型、货币与实体经济和虚拟经济互动关系模型、货币中性与非中性共存经济模型。“实体经济与虚拟经济”分析框架是马克思生产力和生产关系基本逻辑的延伸，是生产力和生产关系分析方法具象化的表现。在此分析框架下，揭示了自20世纪70年代来美国经济结构量变所带来的质变，并可提供一些新的政策措施。Abstract: Firstly, on the basis of sorting out the disputes between the real economy and the non-real economy, this paper summarizes the basic consensus of Marxist economy and western economy on the real economy and non-real economy, and the dispute and consensus on the connotation of fictitious economy under the concept of Marx’s fictitious capital. Secondly, this paper reveals the three characteristics of fictitious economy: capitalization pricing which emphasizing the psychological expectation, pursuing the maximization of money profit, and unique “single asymmetry” operation mode; it constructs three theoretical models of fictitious economy: the expansion and contraction mechanism model of fictitious economy, the interactive relationship model of currency, real economy and fictitious economy, and the neutral and non-neutral of currency co-existence economic model. Thirdly, in the framework of “real economy and fictitious economy”, this paper analyzes the qualitative changes of American economy since the 1970s, the changes in the relationship between currency and inflation, the changes of the relationship between American employment and GDP which created by the different pillar industry and structure, and the changes of the balance of payments. Lastly, the paper puts forward some suggestions to correct and prevent the negative tendency of economy “shifting from real to fictitious”, how fictitious economy promote real economy, and serve the high-quality development of economy.
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Key words:
- Marxism /
- fictitious economy /
- real economy /
- the independence of value rising
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表 1 1960—2017年美国国际收支状况表
（单位：百万美元） 年份 经常项目 金融项目 年份 经常项目 金融项目 年份 经常项目 金融项目 1960 2825 −1805 1980 2318 −24932 2000 −403450 478392 1961 3821 −2833 1981 5029 −28463 2001 −389689 402037 1962 3387 −2262 1982 −5537 −32825 2002 −450797 502673 1963 4414 −4053 1983 −38691 21025 2003 −518744 540586 1964 6823 −5917 1984 −94344 75673 2004 −631591 542226 1965 5430 −4974 1985 −118155 99480 2005 −745234 714073 1966 3031 −3660 1986 −147176 116602 2006 −805964 825583 1967 2584 −2378 1987 −160655 167805 2007 −711035 632850 1968 611 −1049 1988 −121153 138261 2008 −681389 747069 1969 399 1118 1989 −99487 47394 2009 −372521 239386 1970 2331 −2110 1990 −78969 58124 2010 −430698 446411 1971 −1433 11213 1991 2897 43833 2011 −444589 525636 1972 −5796 7674 1992 −51613 93943 2012 −426198 448857 1973 7140 −4486 1993 −84805 79208 2013 −349543 403979 1974 1961 483 1994 −121612 124237 2014 −373800 326836 1975 18117 −22833 1995 −113567 82838 2015 −434598 333155 1976 4296 −13429 1996 −124764 134479 2016 −451685 377685 1977 −14336 17985 1997 −99487 47394 2017 −466246 349191 1978 −15143 5145 1998 −215062 66965 2018 −488472 519556 1979 −285 −25360 1999 −288365 238603 2019 −480226 395549 资料来源：美国经济分析局网站（www.bea.gov）。 
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