意大利马克思主义的历史主义文化哲学阐释路向——论拉布里奥拉、蒙多尔佛、葛兰西对历史唯物主义的新阐释
Italian Marxist Historicist Cultural Philosophy—— On the New Interpretation of Historical Materialism by Labriola, Mondolfo and Gramsci
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摘要: 深受维科的历史主义文化哲学传统影响，拉布里奥拉、蒙多尔佛、葛兰西在不同时期对历史唯物主义进行了各具创见的阐释，在总体上可概括为以“实践哲学”为核心的历史主义文化哲学阐释路向。拉布里奥拉以“批判的共产主义”称谓历史唯物主义，这是一种新人文主义的历史唯物主义，它赋予了马克思主义哲学作为自主的思想体系之尊严；蒙多尔佛提出“批判—实践”原则，将历史唯物主义解释为一种独特的人文历史主义，对金蒂莱关于费尔巴哈与马克思关系的理解作出了关键性修正；葛兰西则把“实践”提升至作为哲学世界观的原则高度，将对历史唯物主义的阐释进一步扩展到人的日常生活世界以及与之相应的意识形态，确立了一种新意识形态的文化批判哲学。尽管三者对历史唯物主义的阐释存在局限，但他们在力图“重新回到马克思”、寻求马克思主义与意大利传统和现实的内在结合方面所作的努力具有积极意义。Abstract: Deeply influenced by Vico's historicist cultural philosophy tradition,Labriola,Mondolfo and Gramsci carried out their own original interpretations of historical materialism at different times.On the whole,it can be summarized as the interpretation direction of historicist cultural philosophy with “practical philosophy” as the core.Labriola called historical materialism “critical communism”,which is a new humanist historical materialism that gives dignity to Marxist philosophy as an autonomous system of thought; Mondolfo proposed the “critico-pratica” principle,interpreting historical materialism as a unique humanistic historicism,and making a key revision to Gentile's understanding of the relationship between Feuerbach and Marx; Gramsci elevated “practice” to the level of principle as a philosophical worldview,and further extended the interpretation of historical materialism to people's daily life world and the corresponding ideologies,and established a new ideological cultural criticism philosophy.Despite the limitations of their interpretations of historical materialism,the efforts made by these three authors to “return to Marx” and to seek an intrinsic integration of Marxism with the Italian tradition and reality are of positive significance.
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