Abstract: The keystone to evaluating the contemporary nature of Marxist literature and art is to see what attitude it takes towards the unconscious.In the new period,Marxist theory of literature and art in China,which is composed of aesthetic reflection theory,artistic practice theory,artistic production theory and artistic activity theory,is difficult to effectively promote the adaptation of unconscious theory to varying degrees.For example,the typical rewriting strategy of “transforming consciousness into unconsciousness” belongs to the replay of rational power discipline.The premise of effectively bringing the unconscious into Marxist literature and art is to see the contemporary theoretical progress of the profound relationship between the unconscious theory and “iterability and difference”,to absorb the achievements of the singular historical view based on iterability and the political turn,to restore the differences of practice in the repeated operation of tools,and to creatively integrate the traditional theory of practice which is mainly based on groups and the theory of life that focuses on the individual.In this way can we move towards a more in-depth contemporary form of Marxist literature and art.