Abstract: As a result of the application of big data and artificial intelligence technology by enterprises, the digital transformation of production and operation has extremely rich contents to further study. These contents not only includes the specific operational process of improving marginal productivity as well as its corresponding technical facilities and scenarios, but also the microeconomics problems like the determination of output and price, choice of means of competition, restructuring of industrial organization and so on.The former can be regarded as the research focus of productivity economics, technical economics, input-output economics, etc., while the latter can be understood as the research object of basic theory of microeconomics. From the perspective of economic analysis, firstly, we should explain what is digital economy and take it as the analysis background of enterprise digital transformation; secondly, we should analyze which composition of big data will affect enterprise’s decision-making, explain the path for enterprises of using big data and artificial intelligence technology for investment and operation, and make our research focus on the stage of enterprise digital transformation. After that, we could discuss the relationship between technological condition configuration and the stages of digital transformation according to the composition of big data. This paper intends to discuss the problems above analytically, and try to give an economic explanation for the stage features and technological conditions of enterprise digital transformation.