Abstract: From 2000 to 2024 is the “synthesis and transcendence” period of Marxist literary reflection theory. “Introspection and synthesis” and “perfection and transcendence” respectively constitute the stage characteristics from 2000 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2024. After researchers' debates on issues such as aesthetics, ideology, forms of consciousness, and aesthetic ideology, a new pattern in which theoretical propositions such as literature being social ideology, literature being aesthetic ideology, and literature being social form of consciousness coexist is finally formed. Wang Yuanxiang's thinking on issues such as aesthetic reflection theory and aesthetic ideology theory presents the theoretical characteristics of shifting from “practical bias” to “ethical bias”. The relevant explorations in the “synthesis and transcendence” period also leave theoretical difficulties such as “the first principle theory” and “the logical starting point theory” that need to be solved.