Abstract: The behavioral economics developed by Simon and Kahneman et al. essentially adopted a kind of “methodological weak individualism in economics”, the new theoretical paradigm insists on exploring social and economic issues from the perspective of individuals; at the same time, it introduces social factors through the cognitive dual system theory, and depicts the richness and diversity of human beings through the interaction between people’s self-interest preference and social preference, so as to avoid the theoretical trap of high socialization. However, the development of behavioral and experimental economics has gradually deviated from the research path initiated by Simon and Kahneman, and turned to mend the neoclassical economics. Behavioral and experimental economics may provide a new micro basis for economics, but the premise is to return to the ideological path of Simon and Kahneman.