Abstract: This article briefly traces how multiculturalism emerged and developed under the background of intense conflicts between different claims of nationalism, and the historical process of its setbacks and "ebb tide" mainly due to its overly radical approach in dealing with minority immigrant groups in the West. Nevertheless, the policies of regional self-government for indigenous peoples and for the domestic "historical nations", formulated following the path of multiculturalism, have been integrated into the basic institutional framework that anchors the handling of relations of different domestic peoples in developed Western countries. Through the comparison between the East and the West, we are more aware of the superiority of implementing the policy of regional autonomy of national minorities in China, and it also makes us realize that what we need to promote is the unity of Chinese civilization that can fully accommodate diversity.