个人信息保护中删除权的规范构造
Normative Structure of the Right to Erasure in Personal Information Protection
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摘要: 我国《个人信息保护法》第47条明确规定了个人信息删除权，其与欧盟被遗忘权在内容上高度相似，但二者在价值取向、义务对象、触发要件等方面明显不同。删除权不是人格权请求权的组成部分，而是基于个人信息处理行为产生的附条件的程序性权利，以信息处理者未主动履行删除义务为触发要件。行使删除权须以《个人信息保护法》第47条第1款的法定情形为前提，满足合法、正当、必要原则。信息处理者应主动删除法定情形的个人信息，信息处理者不删除的，信息主体才有权请求信息处理者删除；信息处理者无正当理由拒绝删除的，信息主体才能提起诉讼。删除权是否实现，需基于当前技术作出判断。它的实现不限于对非电子记录和小型系统内的个人信息进行实质性删除，还包括对规模化处理的个人信息未来的存在状态施加限制性要求，使其最终处于不可被检索、访问或识别的状态。Abstract: Article 47 of Personal Information Protection Law of China clearly stipulates the right to erasure of personal information, which is highly similar to the EUʼs right to be forgotten in content, but they are obvious different in value orientation, the object of obligations, and triggering conditions and so on. The right to erasure is not a component of the right to claim personality right, but an conditional procedural right based on personal information processing behavior, which is triggered by the failure of the information processor to perform the obligation of deletion. The exercise of the right to erasure must be based on the legal situation as stipulated in Article 47(1) of the Personal Information Protection Law and satisfy the principles of legality, legitimacy and necessity. Information processor should take the initiative to delete personal information under statutory circumstances. If the information processor does not delete it, the information subject has the right to request the information processor to delete it; If the information processor refuses to delete it without proper reason, the information subject can file a lawsuit. Whether the right to erasure is realized needs to be based on current technology. Its implementation is not limited to the substantial deletion of personal information in non-electronic records and small systems, but also includes the imposition of restrictions on the future existence of personal information pocessed on a large scale, making it ultimately in a state that cannot be retrieved, accessed or identified.
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