析“差序格局”或“伦理关系”主导说——对中国传统社会结构的再审视
Is the Traditional Chinese Social Structure Really Dominated by “Differential mode” or “Ethical Relations”—A Reexamination on the Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure
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摘要: 费孝通和梁漱溟认为中国传统社会结构是以“差序格局”或“伦理关系”为主的主要依据是：由于这样或者那样的原因，中国传统社会缺乏他们所说意义上的那样一些团体，因此无法以“团体”或者“集团”形式对社会生活加以组织，而只能依靠“团体”或“集团”之外的一些方式来组织社会生活。但一个不争的事实是：中国传统社会是一个家庭/家族组织高度发达的社会，中国人的社会生活在很大程度上正是借助于家庭/家族来加以组织的，而无论是采用社会学家通用的一些标准还是费孝通、梁漱溟自己设定的标准，中国传统社会中的家庭/家族都应该被视为典型的“团体”。因此，关于中国传统社会结构是以“差序格局”或“伦理关系”为主的说法是值得质疑的。Abstract: Fei Xiaotong and Liang Shuming believe that the traditional Chinese social structure is dominated by “differential mode” or “ethical relations”.The main reason why they think so is that for one reason or another,the traditional Chinese society lacks such groups as they say,so it is impossible to organize social life in the form of “groups”,and can only rely on some ways outside the “groups” to organize social life.But one indisputable fact is this:Chinese traditional society is a society with highly developed family organization.Whether adopting some standards commonly used by sociologists or standards set by Fei Xiaotong and Liang Shuming themselves,the family in Chinese traditional society should be regarded as a typical “group”.Therefore,it is questionable that the traditional Chinese social structure is dominated by “differential mode” or “ethical relationship”.
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Key words:
- Chinese social structure /
- differential mode /
- ethical relations
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