西汉“司法大一统”实践新识——以长沙走马楼西汉简牍为中心
New Knowledge of the Practice of “Judicial Unification” in the Western Han Dynasty——Based on the Western Han Dynasty Slips
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摘要: 长沙走马楼西汉简牍作为汉初至武帝时期地方王国司法文书档案，呈现了前所未见的“汉法”在汉初诸侯王国实施的历史细节，汉初长沙王国的司法实践，是西汉初年至汉武帝时期的“司法大一统”历程中的典型。发现在长沙王国地域从战国楚法适用，到秦新地适用秦法，秦楚之际至汉初的汉承秦制，再到汉初吴姓王国到景帝时期刘姓长沙国的施行汉法历经三个阶段。从施行汉法的路径和法律适用来看，走马楼西汉简反映了长沙国对“汉法”几乎完全贯彻执行，唯有些许细节稍作变通。在此司法演变过程中，“汉法”也由此成为“天下法”，完成了“司法大一统”之实，使得汉代中央集权的郡县新制真正落实于当时社会。Abstract: The bamboo slips unearthed in the Zomalou area of Changsha City belong to the judicial documents of the local kingdom during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.The contents of these documents mainly reflect the actual situation of the implementation of the laws of the central government of the Han Dynasty in the local kingdom, as well as the judicial practice of the kingdom of Changsha.The judicial practice of the kingdom of Changsha is a typical example of the "judicial unification"strategy of the Han Dynasty.We have discovered that the "judicial unification" of the Western Han Dynasty went through three stages.During this process, the laws of the central government of the Han Dynasty thus became "the common law of the Chinese world"and completed the"judicial unification".
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