儒家传统的静坐功夫论
作者简介:彭国翔，浙江大学哲学系教授（浙江杭州 310058）
摘要: 静坐自宋代以来已成为儒家功夫论的重要组成部分，但究竟应该如何理解它在儒家功夫论中所扮演的角色？或者说，作为一种以君子和圣贤人格为追求的功夫实践而非一般的养生方法，静坐在儒家传统中究竟应当如何定位？较之佛、道以及世界上其他宗教与精神性传统的静坐实践，儒家式的静坐又有何种与众不同的特点？对此，学界迄今似未见较为全面与深入的研究。本文以这两个相互关联的问题为焦点，对儒家静坐功夫论尝试予以总结性的考察，具体包括以下几个方面：首先，指出静坐在整个儒家传统的功夫论中并未被作为根本性的功夫实践，主流儒者大都对静坐作为儒家功夫实践的限制有明确的自觉。其次，分析静坐在儒家传统中不被视为根本功夫实践的原因。第三，在此基础上，以佛、道以及亚伯拉罕传统静坐实践和理论为对照，指出儒家静坐功夫的特点以及为什么会具有这样的特点。
On Confucian Quite-sitting as a Self-cultivation
- Available Online:
2021-05-20
Abstract: Quite-sitting/meditation has already been adopted by Neo-Confucian scholars as an integral part of self-cultivation since the Northern Song Dynasty. But how to understand the role it has played in the theory and practice of Confucian tradition or evaluate quite-sitting as a way to pursue Confucian sagehood or ideal personality, not only a way for longevity? Especially, what is the uniqueness of Confucian quite-sitting compared with quit-sitting in other religious and spiritual traditions in the world such as Buddhism, Daoism, and Abrahamic tradition including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? Focusing on these two related while not well touched issues, this article tries to make a comprehensive and in-depth study of Confucian quite-sitting. First, it argues that quite-sitting has not been regarded as a fundamental way of self-cultivation in Confucian tradition and why. Secondly, it points out the characteristic or uniqueness of Confucian quite-sitting as a self-cultivation and why a Confucian quiet-sitting has this kind of characteristic or uniqueness by contrast to that of quite-sitting in Buddhism, Daoism, and Abrahamic tradition.
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