Abstract: On the transcendental level, Kant established the aesthetic autonomy with the “free play of faculties of representation” and the “free pleasure” of the mind. However, his construction of the mechanism of aesthetic judgment is not consistent with the autonomy of aesthetic behavior. This kind of autonomy was not accepted by the aesthetics of the 19th century, But “free play” and “free pleasure” had a profound effect in the 20th century. However, in terms of contemporary aesthetic experience and aesthetic theory, this kind of aesthetic autonomy is a failure, and the transcendental aesthetic autonomy theory is finally replaced by a comprehensive theory derived from historical deduction and practical attitude.