二程“主一之谓敬”说溯源
The Origin of the Jing Theory of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi
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摘要: 二程何以拈出“敬”字并以“主一”释“敬”，是哲学史中的重要课题。除了《论语》和《周易》本身对于“敬”义的阐发，作为宋初士人的必读书目，《论语注疏》中包含的孔安国“为仁之道，莫尚乎敬”的观点，很可能成为二程将“敬”作为理学工夫核心的重要灵感来源。又《周易·文言》“敬以直内”本为“正以直内”的代写，而《说文》已经指出“正”者“从止，一以止”，故而后者很可能正是伊川“主一之谓敬”的训诂来源；且明道早已鲜明提出并反复强调“敬”于“唯一之天理”的思想，这则成为伊川后来以“主一”解释“敬”的义理原因。由此，二程拈出“敬”作为理学工夫的核心并进而提出“主一之谓敬”说，是综合考虑经典传承、训诂依据和义理来源，再结合个人工夫实践和心性体验之后的慎重选择。理论的创新正是千锤百炼的结果。Abstract: Why Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi emphasized the concept of Jing(“敬”) and explained its basic meaning with Zhuyi(“主一”) is an important topic in the history of philosophy.In addition to the exposition of the importance of Jing in Lun Yu and Zhou Yi,as a must read book for scholars in the early Song Dynasty,the viewpoint of Kong Anguo in the Commentary on Lun Yu that “Jing is the most important way to achieve Ren(‘仁’)” may have become an important source of inspiration for Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi to make Jing the core of their theory.In addition,the original meaning of Zheng(“正”) is “Behavior is about achieving a single goal”,which is likely the source of Cheng Yi’s exegesis of Zhuyi;Moreover,Cheng Hao had already clearly proposed and repeatedly emphasized the idea of Jing and the uniqueness of Tianli(“天理”),which became the reason why Cheng Yi later explained Jing with the concept of Zhuyi.
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Key words:
- Jing /
- Commentary on Lun Yu /
- Zhou Yi /
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