Abstract: Xi Jinping’s “Socialist Political Economy with Chinese Characteristics” has opened up a new realm of contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy. On the one hand, this doctrine is a systematic summary of socilast practice with Chinese characteristics, an important part of socilast theory with Chinese characteristics and the latest theoretical crystallization; on the other hand, it is a historical response to the new problems facing socialism with Chinese characteristics as it enters a new era, and an important development of Marxism’s broad-sense political economy. Based on the Marxist theory of labor value, this doctrine clarifies the basic position and value orientation and condenses the basic principles that must be adhered to in socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics. This doctrine originates from socilast practice with Chinese characteristics, and is elevated to a systematic theory on the basis of summarizing practical experience, forming a series of new breakthroughs in Marxist political economy and constructing a systematic doctrinal system.