“世界哲学”何为——关于日本学界“世界哲学”探索的批判性考察
What is “World Philosophy” Meant to Do——A Critical Examination of the Exploration of “World Philosophy” in Japanese Academia
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摘要: 近年日本学界出现了关于“世界哲学”的探索动向。该探索一方面呈现出打破近代以来日本学术传统的畸形格局、弥合近代前后学术断裂的新气象,另一方面则具有突破近代以来所形成的西方学术中心主义的本质意义。然而,就目前该探索所揭示的学术追求而言,似乎存在着从原来仅以西方哲学为哲学,把近代以前的日本学术史归入思想史领域,而“日本哲学”仅限于以近代以后采用西方哲学范式所产生的文本为对象的一个极端,走向了另一个极端,即“世界哲学”企图把世界上所有的人类知性活动都作为“哲学”言说对象,寻求建构具有世界意义“哲学的应有形态”。也因此所有的人都被赋予了哲学探索主体的地位。然而,这种所谓的“世界哲学”,显然混淆了“哲学”与“思想”的本质区别,同时也模糊了“哲学”的爱好者、研究者以及哲学家之间的不同。这种赋予人类一切知性活动以“哲学”探索意蕴之“世界哲学”的追求,就目前所提出的理念与目标而言,显然尚未达到一种清晰的关于“哲学的应有形态”的认识。Abstract: Regarding "Japanese philosophy",the mainstream understanding in the Japanese academic community is only the various academic works formed from modern era texts.However,in recent years,there has been a new trend in Japanese academic community,which has put forward the exploration of the so-called "world philosophy".Its academic goal is not merely limited to breaking the distorted framework in the academic tradition since modern times by dividing the history of scholarship into the fields of "Japanese Thought" and "Japanese Philosophy".It also aspires to pursue a fresh perspective that seeks to transcend the Western-centric academic paradigm established since the modern era.Since the 20th century,East Asian academia has witnessed two approaches to breaking away from the framework of considering Western philosophy as the standard for philosophy.The first is to differentiate between the "broad" and"narrow" definitions of the concept of "philosophy",treating traditional Eastern "thought" as broadly defined philosophy".Another highlights the logical "dilemma" inherent in defining philosophy solely through the lens of Western philosophy,thereby directly undermining the Westem-centric "philosophical standard".The approach of "world philosophy" aligns with this perspective,seeking to explore a form of "philosophy" with universal significance across the globe.However,there are obviously two doubts in the exploration of "world philosophy" in the Japanese academia.There are some questions seem to lack clarity within the framework of the "world philosophy" concept.
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