Abstract: The economic evolution since the 18th century unfolds as a dual process of creative and disruptive forces inherent in successive industrial revolutions, manifesting as a continuum of productive forces evolving from quantitative accumulation to qualitative transformation.This trajectory entails not only structural shifts between emerging and traditional economic sectors but also the restructuring of production relations and modalities.For latecomer nations, economic development and catch-up fundamentally constitute a synchronized innovation process of technological- institutional co-evolution centered on qualitative leaps in productivity, giving rise to distinct paradigms: innovative transformation, evolutionary adaptation, and degenerative adaptation.Successful catch-up necessitates context-specific adaptations in technological paradigms, organizational frameworks, and institutional architectures.Cultivating "new- quality productive forces" emerges as China's strategic imperative to navigate the triple pressures of economic transition and achieve developmental transcendence.This journey demands a dual orchestration of institutional and technological breakthroughs, fostering sustained innovative transformation.