从祠神到奉圣: 神御殿制度、皇权神化与真宗朝上清太平宫改造
From Temple Worship to Imperial Veneration:The Taiping Palace Transformation,Sacralization of Imperial Power,and Ritual Reforms in Zhenzong's Reign
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摘要: 北宋上清太平宫的改造过程反映了真宗朝政治文化转型的重要面相。太平宫最初由太宗为酬谢术士张守真而建,专门奉祀黑煞神以宣示即位合法性。真宗即位后,通过三大举措对这一前朝政治遗产进行系统改造:将太平宫功能转变为以奉安太宗御容为主的神御殿;迁出张守真墓以消除其影响;编撰《翊圣保德真君传》统一黑煞神叙事。这些改造实现了御容奉祀的制度化,使太平宫从神灵崇拜场所转变为皇权象征空间。真宗通过重新阐释黑煞神地位,将其由太宗个人护佑神提升为宋朝国家保护神,并纳入天书封禅体系。神御殿制度的建立标志着皇权神化的重要进展,以皇帝御容替代神灵作为崇拜对象,推动皇权象征向基层社会渗透。这一变革与北方游牧政权“王权神化”观念相互影响,共同促进了宋代以降皇权专制的强化。太平宫改造所体现的皇权与神圣性关系的重构,对理解宋代政治文化转型具有典型意义。Abstract: The transformation of Shangqing Taiping Palace under Emperor Zhenzong exemplifies the sacralization of imperial power in Northern Song China. Originally built to worship the deity Heisha ("黑煞"), the palace was repurposed as an imperial shrine housing Taizong's portrait, while the compilation of the Biography of the Virtuous Protector Sageredefined Heisha as a dynastic guardian. This institutionalization of imperial portrait veneration marked a key shift from deity worship to emperor-centered sacrality, reflecting broader trends of political centralization and ritual reform in Song governance.
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