摘要:
公众对职业群体及其所生产专业知识的信任,是社会稳定的重要基石。随着职业与外部世界关联的增加,因经典职业"封闭性"特征所构筑的信任体系面临动摇,职业社会学呈现出"关系"视角转向,由此,可提出影响公众职业信任的三重关系机制:职业与职业系统的关系、职业与市场的关系,以及职业与国家的关系。结合2022年《职业分类大典》和腾讯词向量数据,测量公众对各类职业在专业技术层面的信任程度,探讨职业网络结构、职业公共性及中国特色职业管理制度对职业信任的影响,发现:职业与其他职业之间管辖任务的相似度与职业技术信任呈现"倒U型"关系;在知识生产边界日益开放的背景下,独立于客户、对应专业知识越抽象的职业群体更容易获得公众的信任。同时对职业信任的"制度主义"解释路径进行了本土化回应:区别于英美国家的"协会性职业主义",中国通过高质量的人才评价制度控制职业准入门槛,对公众的职业技术信任产生积极影响。
Abstract:
Public trust in occupational groups and their expertise is a fundamental pillar of social stability. As professions become increasingly integrated with the broader social environment, the system of trust once underpinned by the "closure" of classical professions has been eroded, catalyzing a relational turn in the sociology of professions. This study develops a tripartite framework of relational mechanisms shaping public trust in occupations:relationships among occupations within the professional system, relationships between occupations and the market, and relationships between occupations and the state. Employing the Chinese Occupational Classification System (2022 edition) and the Tencent AI Lab Embedding Corpus, this study quantitatively assesses public trust in occupational expertise of a comprehensive set of occupations. It investigates how occupational network structures, the public nature of occupations, and China's distinctive system of occupational governance shape such trust. The findings reveal three key insights. First, task jurisdictional similarity between occupations exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with technical trust. Second, in an era of increasingly permeable knowledge boundaries, occupational groups that are client-independent and possess more abstract expertise are more likely to garner public trust. Finally, the study advances a localized institutional explanation:in contrast to the "associational professionalism" characteristic of the Anglo-American model, China regulates professional entry barriers through state-led qualification systems, which positively influences public trust in its occupational groups.